A trailer for the classic 1980's transformers feature length cartoon cut to the audio for the 300 trailer
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Sunday, December 25, 2011
Monday, December 19, 2011
Eliminating that Terrible Hum From Your Home Theater Speakers
You've all heard it, that dreaded 60Hz hum through the speakers of a home theater or house audio system. Hopefully you heard it at a friend's house and not your own. It can drive you completely nuts. You may have even tried, unsuccessfully, to fix the little noise problem. That can make you even more crazy. What causes that horrendous noise through your speakers?
More often than not humming through your speakers is caused by a grounding problem. There are three main ground problems that cause problems in an audio / video system. These are ground loops, improper grounding and lack of a ground altogether. The other possible culprits that can cause noise are bad cables, a faulty piece of equipment or electrical noise from a lighting dimmer or electric motor. There are steps you can take to troubleshoot the noise and eliminate it from you theater.
The first step is find out where it is coming from. Disconnect your source and display equipment from your receiver or surround sound processor. If the noise stops, connect them back to the receiver or processor on at a time until the noise returns. When the hum comes back, you found where the noise is entering your system. Note that if you are connecting remote equipment, such as running the signal from your theater room DVD player to the TV in the bedroom, your chances to pick up noise increase dramatically. With such long runs, noise can be induced into the long cable runs from adjacent electrical wiring. It is also easy to create a ground loop, because the equipment is plugged into two different, widely separated outlets, on different electrical circuits.
If the noise is caused by a cable box, the noise is likely caused by the cable TV ground. To test this theory, disconnect the incoming cable TV feed to the rear of the cable box or TV while they are still connected to the rest of the system. If the noise is eliminated by disconnecting the TV cable, the problem is the cable TV ground. You can electrically decouple the cable TV feed from your system with a ground breaking transformer. These are available from many sources. Be advised that many newer, digital cable TV systems require any device in the signal chain to pass a full 1,000 Mhz. Some of the older ground break transformers will not do this. Be sure to check the specifications of whatever device you are purchasing to verify it will pass the digital cable TV signal.
If the noise is from your projector, TV, or monitor, it is most likely caused because the video display device is plugged into a different outlet than the other a/v equipment. It could be on a different circuit as well. These circuits may have two different ground potentials. That is, the resistance to ground is different on each circuit. A difference in resistance to ground from one ground point to another can cause the dreaded ground loop. If you get a ground loop, current flows between the two components. If the current flows through the components internal audio signal ground, you will get a hum.
You can use an isolation transformer, similar to the type used for cable TV ground problems, to eliminate the electrical connection from one component to the other. These transformers are inserted in line with the audio signal connection between the two components. If there is no audio connection between the components, the problem may be current flowing through the video portion. In this case, a video isolation transformer should be used to eliminate the ground loop.
Sometimes power conditioners will stop noise problems by placing equipment on different, electrically isolated outlets. This is done using isolation transformers. Sometimes this is ineffective however, due to the differences in internal construction of different power conditioning equipment. Some safety regulations, such as UL 1950, specify that an isolation transformer is only allowed to isolate the hot and neutral wires; the grounding wire must be passed straight through. If this is the case, the ground loop problem may still exist because many communication circuits are connected to the grounding conductor and not the neutral. In this case, the isolation transformer, or any power conditioner or UPS with an isolation transformer will have absolutely no affect on the grounding problem.
The noise may be generated externally, from a dimmer or refrigerator compressor for example, and coming in through the main power input on the audio video equipment. In this case, a high quality power conditioner may be effective in reducing or eliminating the noise problem. You may also find that one of the signal interconnecting cables in your system is faulty. This can also cause noise problems. Check for this by swapping the cables with one that you know to be good.
You can solve most noise problems in your home theater or multi room audio/video system by taking the systematic, step-by-step approach. Work your way up the signal chain, eliminating each piece of equipment as you go. If you have nothing connected to your speakers except the speaker wiring, and they still hum, the problem is noise induced into the speaker wiring from adjacent power cables. Other than that case, most problems are caused by ground problems, which you can find, and solve, if you take it one step at a time.
Wednesday, December 14, 2011
Arcee Has A "Moment" (Transformers Prime)
WARNING! OFFENSIVE LANGUAGE AHEAD! It's a heads up, since I'm putting R-Rated material in a show for older kids. Anyway, I just watched the episode "Partners" and I got really scared that Arcee (my favorite Autobot on the show) was going to bite it. Fortunately, she struck back with a vengeance. After the episode, I thought it would be hilarious to combine that moment with audio from....well....you'll see. Thanks to likeabumbler for having this footage.COPYRIGHT ACT ALLOWS THIS MATERIAL : "Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use.
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Wednesday, December 7, 2011
Electronic Components
Electronic components form parts of electronic circuitry, and are used or manufactured in the field of electronics, which is the study of electrical devices used for controlling electrically charged particles or the flow of electrons to execute any electrical operation. Some of the most common electronic components are as follows:
Resistor: A resistor resists electric current, and the resistance is measured in ohms. Colors on the body of the resistor are a code for the value. Different colors represent the numbers from 0 to 9. In a variable resistor, resistance can be varied by moving a knob or slider. A variable resistor is used to control volume in many devices.
Capacitor: This is measured in farads. A capacitor is used for storing electrical charges that can be released upon demand. Capacitors can be of different types - electrolyte and ceramic disc are two of them.
Diode: A semiconductor device, diodes allow current to flow in one direction only.
Small, cheap and lasting, light emitting diodes (LEDs) are special diodes that give out light and allow current to flow in one direction.
NPN bipolar transistor: Used for current control, they can amplify currents with a small amount of heat dissipation and very little spatial waste.
PNP bipolar transistor: Its functions are the same as NPN, but construction is slightly
different.
Crystal: When a voltage is applied, crystals can accurately vibrate a specific frequency.
Integrated circuit: Having circuits etched into it, an integrated circuit is a semiconductor wafer that can hold capacitors, resistors, transistors, etc. in a large quantity. By allowing the chips to have millions of transistors, integrated circuits are capable of saving space.
Triac: A dual silicon controlled rectifier (SCR), triac is used to control alternating current (AC). Mostly used in dimmers and touch lamps, it controls the amount of electricity reaching an appliance.
Tapped secondary transformer: Used for transforming voltages, a plug-in transformer, the wall type, changes 120 volts AC into about 12 volts DC for small appliance needs. In a tapped secondary transformer, the secondary winding of the transformer is connected to a wire so that it can be used for multiple voltages, or more current.
Speaker: A speaker converts electrical energy into sound energy.
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Saturday, December 3, 2011
Considerations For Your First DIY Guitar Tube Amplifier
If you have decided to take the plunge and build your own guitar tube amp, please let me share my early projects/mistakes with you to help get you going in the right direction. But first, be sure you really want to build your own:
You should be fairly handy around electronics already, and aware of the dangers inherent in high voltage tube electronics and the precautions to take when working on tube amps
You shouldn't have the expectation that you will save money... unless your time is worth nothing at all you can probably do better purchasing a completed amplifier, even from the kit vendors, but certainly on the open market as used
All said, though, there is a lot of satisfaction in completing and playing an amplifier you built yourself and having the license to further modify/tweak/voice your creation to perfection... so let's get started:
Stumbling Through My first Few Projects
My first project started as an AM radio, it had occured to me that this chassis and most of the components was quite suitable for an octal-tube-based Fender Champ-like single-ended amplifier and I wanted to hear the difference in tone between real tubes and the tube modeling in my Roland Cube amp... After studying some good tube amp books (see resources) I settled upon a plan and:
I fought with the old transformers (insulation turning to dust when you flexed the leads), used tube-sockets, noisy potentiometers and poor physical layout (working with the old radio chassis didn't provide optimum placement of the major components for a tube guitar amplifier)
Found out that true point-to-point wiring isn't the best choice for experimenting
I couldn't find a non-microphonic old-stock pentode tube
The tone sucked... with hindsight I believe it was due to the underwhelming, un-branded, tiny output transformer, but I'll probably never go back to check
Bottom-line, I learned a lot but it didn't answer my fundamental questions about tube-tone because I didn't end up with an iconic amplifier as a reference at the end of the project
I spent some frustrating evenings redesigning and reworking my first effort and then for my second major project I broke down and bought a kit that promised a clone of a vintage Champ amplifier. Major findings included:
Saving a few pennies here and there on components isn't satisfying when you end up investing a lot of time building the project and aspects of the end result look cheap (e.g. a plastic replacement for a 'proper' metal construction jeweled pilot light) or worse... sacrifice tone (e.g. cheap electrolytic capacitors)
I've grown a bit leary of un-branded chinese transformers that may not have even been hi-pot tested let alone certified by a safety agency; and who knows what laminations, etc. are used in the audio transformer?
Tiny chassis and cabinets aren't the best choice for adding additional functionality to the stock circuit and very frustrating to work with
8″ speakers and small cabinets suck tone... this amplifier sounds great when you plug it into a proper speaker & cabinet combination
Your First DIY Guitar Tube Amp Project
With the above experiences in mind it is time to summarize some considerations for the first project:
Simple project but not under-featured... something that will be satisfying and playable
Physically large for easy access, simplified assembly and room to modify
Well documented, well supported... not necessarily with user's manuals and step-by-step construction guides, but rather by a community with active forums, or extensive web documentation, etc.
A complete kit of parts, no difficult sourcing of components
Good quality parts with the potential to upgrade them if desired... but moderation rules... you may want good value over extravagant components to minimize your downside if your project doesn't come out well or you lose interest.
Standard sized chassis for easy sourcing of cabinets, or cabinets available from the kit supplier, or a desire, determination and ability to build (and finish) your own cabinetry
With the above given due consideration my third time was the charm!
I recommend you search out a reputable supplier of tube-amp kits, and pick a model that suits both your taste in tone and a satisfying set of features for your first DIY Guitar Tube Amp!
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Kinds Of Transformer For Power Generation
Sale of transformers to the people is in more numbers and they are sold for reasonable and competitive prices. Transformers fetch more demand among the business people and general customers around the world. Transformers are available in different kinds and they are the only instrument which is used to measure or to transfer current or energy from one circuit to another. Transformers are kind of electrical instrument used to transfer energy from source to another without any hindrance. Transformers are available in more number and at the same time they are available in different kinds.
Some of the kinds of transformers are current transformer, isolation transformer, power transformer, electric transformer, audio transformer, flyback transformer, high voltage transformer, low voltage transformer, step down transformer. Transformers are sold for reasonable and affordable prices to enable the customers to pay off the price consideration. The different kinds of transformers satisfy the requirement of the customers and meet their demand at the time of requirement. Some of the kinds of transformers are displayed below.
Electric Transformer
Electric transformer is inclusive of different kinds of transformers manufactured. Electric transformer is used to transfer current from one circuit to another with the help of electromagnetic induction. Electric transformer is provides current effectively and efficiently. Electric transformers are sold for reasonable prices to enable people to purchase it.
Current Transformer
Current transformer is also the other kind of transformer which is used to obtain current. The main purpose of using current transformer is to obtain current from the secondary circuit and also it measures the alternate current with the help of the conductor. Current transformers transfer current without influence over other process and supplies current directly.
Isolation Transformer
Isolation transformer is a kind of transformers used to supply current for equipments. Isolation transformer helps to decouple two circuits and supplies current from one circuit to another circuit. Isolation transformer suits for wide applications and helps to prevent influence one section to another. Isolation transformers are designed specifically to meet the requirements of the customers around the world.
High Voltage Transformer
High voltage comes under the different kinds of transformers manufactured. High voltage transformers are used for more number of applications and they come up with standard features. High voltage transformer can be used in power transmission applications. High voltage transformers transfer the energy directly from one circuit to another circuit with fine voltages. They transfer the energy from one circuit to another and supplies sufficient voltage to the customer.
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